• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and a device for modular material analysis for plastics comprising at least two different measuring devices of the group measuring devices for optical measurement of the melt, measuring devices for pressure filter test, rheology measuring devices, optical film inspection measuring devices, measuring devices of mechanical characteristics of plastic films, measuring devices for color measurement, Measuring devices for the olfactory measurement of the melt or the film and measuring devices for NIR, FTIR, TGA terahertz radiation, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, wherein the respective measuring devices are mechanically and / or functionally interconnected.
    公开号:AT516206A1
    申请号:T50623/2014
    申请日:2014-09-10
    公开日:2016-03-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Next Generation Analytics Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a device and a method for modular material analysis for plastics.
    In plastics production and processing, a wide variety of methods are used to characterize the properties of the materials used therein. Especially in the quality assurance of raw material manufacturers, masterbatch manufacturers and processors, many basic processes have been established for many years, many of which are standardized.
    These methods are for example the pressure filter test, e.g. with the DIN EN13900-5 "Determination with the pressure filter test", the determination of viscosity functions, an optical film inspection (DIN EN 13900-6 "Determination with the film test"), color measurements, NIR, FTIR, TGA and mass spectroscopy or mechanical strength measurements ( eg on tension, pressure, scratch resistance, Taber Abraser).
    The principle of a pressure filter test is briefly outlined by the following example.
    From a laboratory extruder, a melt stream of the material to be tested is conveyed through a defined sieve. The pressure increase upstream of the screen is recorded during the extrusion of a defined amount of material. This is then a measure of the dispersing quality of the material.
    In order to determine viscosity functions, two methods are generally used, which are briefly described below.
    In the first method, the melt is conveyed on a high-pressure capillary rheometer by means of pulsing through a defined capillary geometry with different throughputs. In this case, the pressure before the capillary inlet is measured. The shear rate and viscosity can be calculated from the parameters of pressure, throughput, capillary diameter and capillary length. This is done with different parameters so that one can produce a functional relationship between shear rate and viscosity.
    In the second method, a laboratory extruder continuously feeds e.g. three Kapil¬laren different geometry. Here, too, the pressures in front of the capillaries are measured at a defined throughput per capillary. The advantage of this method is that one obtains several measurement points simultaneously and thus the determination of the viscosity function becomes considerably faster.
    In an exemplary method for optical film inspection, a film of the material to be inspected is produced by means of an extruder, slot die and casting roll. This film is passed over a light source and viewed with a camera. Defects of various kinds can thus be optically assessed and evaluated with suitable software. A statistical evaluation of the various error characteristics then provides a quality statement about the tested material. For materials that are not translucent, an incident light method is used.
    The most frequently used method for color measurement is the spectral method. In this case, a sample is illuminated with a daylight lamp and the light emanating from the film is split into different wavelength ranges. By means of a sensor or a sensor system, the colorimetric data are calculated.
    The measurement methods NIR, FTIR, TGA and mass spectroscopy serve to obtain further information about the composition of the melt. For example, additives, impurities, polymer molecules or parts thereof can be detected.
    As a rule, these are stationary laboratory devices which are equipped with a measuring head and an evaluation unit. In modern devices, this is integrated in the measuring head.
    All of these measuring methods have been proven in the analysis and quality control of plastics for decades. However, a major drawback is the fact that these methods are only available as individual off-line gauges. These must be fed with samples, which usually happens manually. In addition, the devices are often in different La¬bors and are operated by different personnel. This situation results in data for quality control never being available promptly to the actual production process. In addition, spatial separation often makes it difficult to merge the different data, so that often an overall picture of the quality status of the product can not be generated.
    Due to the temporal and spatial offset of the quality assessment and the current production state, it becomes impossible to react quickly and specifically to quality deviations. This means that rejects are not quickly recognized as such and may need to be sorted out and reworked consuming.
    The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device and a method by means of which a user is able to carry out a simple material analysis for plastics.
    This object is achieved by a device and a method according to the claims.
    The device according to the invention comprises at least two different measuring devices of the group measuring devices for optical measurement of the melt (eg IR spectrometer), measuring devices for pressure filter test, rheology measuring devices, measuring devices for optical film inspection, measuring devices of mechanical properties of plastic films, measuring devices for color measurement, measuring devices for olfactory measurement of the melt or film and measuring instruments for NIR, FTIR, TGA, terahertz radiation, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, and is characterized by the fact that the measuring devices in question are mechanically and / or functionally interconnected.
    Of course, the expression "different measuring devices" means that they are measuring devices for measuring different measured quantities. The device preferably comprises a measuring device for the pressure filter test and a rheology measuring device, and in particular further measuring devices of the above-mentioned group. Even if similar measuring devices can be present, at least one different measuring device must always be contained in the device.
    As already indicated above, the person skilled in the general structure of the individual measuring devices is known. The measuring devices usually comprise a sensor system and a system for processing and / or forwarding the plastic material to be measured (hereinafter referred to as "transport system").
    In the event that the measuring devices are integrated in a device for producing plastic films, the transport system of the relevant measuring devices comprises the system for processing and / or forwarding the plastic film to be produced by the production device. The sensor system is thus integrated there in such a manufacturing device and performs its measurements at the Stelledurch where the plastic material passes through the corresponding manufacturing step.
    The method according to the invention, which is carried out with such a device, comprises the steps: a) introducing (preferably automatic introduction) of a plastic material into a first measuring device (eg as a melt, as a solid plastic strand or as a foil), b) measuring properties of the Plastic material by means of the first measuring device, c) guiding (preferably automatic guidance) of the plastic material exiting the preceding measuring device into another measuring device, d) measuring properties of the plastic material by means of the further measuring device.
    With other meters in the device, steps c) and d) are preferably repeated for these meters until the plastic material has been measured by all existing meters.
    The order of the gauges should preferably be governed by the condition of the metered plastic material during the measurement in view of the manufacture of the plastic product (e.g., a plastic film). During the production of a plastic film, a plastic material is first liquefied, then the liquid material is extruded, and finally cooled down again and solidified therewith. In particular, measurements on the liquid plastic material (eg the pressure filter test or the optical test of the melt) should take place before extrusion, measurements on rheology during extrusion and measurements of mechanical characteristics or of colors after extrusion or after cooling development of the plastic material.
    In a preferred embodiment, the first measuring device is a measuring device for the pressure filter test. This is because, in practice, a pressure filter test is usually performed and requires a liquid state of the plastic. If optical and / or olfactory measurements of the melt take place, the measuring device for the pressure filter test can also be the second or third measuring device according to one or two measuring devices for the optical and / or olfactory test of the melt.
    In another preferred embodiment, the meter following the pressure filter tester is a rheology measurement instrument.
    In a further embodiment, the measuring devices with respect to the direction of movement of the plastic material or the reference in the method are in the order test devices for pressure filter test, rheology measuring devices, optical film inspection devices, mechanical characteristic meters of plastic films, color measurement measuring devices and measuring devices NIR, FTIR, TGA, terahertz radiation, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy.
    In a preferred embodiment, the measuring devices, at least their sensor systems, are formed in the device as modules ("measuring modules") which, in particular, are designed so that they can both be interchanged in their position and can also be replaced by other measuring modules. Although it is advantageous that the position of a measurement module for a pressure filter test has a fixed place in the device, it may still be useful if, for example, the measurement modules could be exchanged or swapped for optical film inspection or colorimetry.
    To achieve the solution according to the invention, it is necessary for the measuring modules to be connected to one another. This connection can be of a mechanical nature and in particular represent a fixed mechanical connection of the measuring modules one below the other. However, the connection may also be functional in nature, in that the readout and control of the measurement modules, along with the data proximity, are done by means of a central system (e.g., via a centralized system for control and data processing).
    In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compound is both a mechanical and a functional compound.
    In a preferred embodiment with a mechanical connection, the device comprises a holding structure on or by means of which all measuring modules are fixedly connected to one another. In particular, this holding structure comprises at least one carrier system to which all measuring modules can be firmly attached. In another preferred embodiment, the support structure comprises the housings of the measurement modules (or their mounts), which are shaped so that each two housings can be fixedly connected together by means of a support system. The housings are preferably under positive pressure to prevent contamination.
    Preferably, the carrier systems are located on the housings in each case all corresponding positions, so that each housing can be connected to any other housing Festest.
    In such a fixed mechanical connection, it is particularly preferred if the plastic material is automatically guided by a measuring module to the respectively following measuring module.
    In a preferred embodiment, the outlet for the plastic material of a measuring device always opens into the inlet for the plastic material of the following measuring device, so that the plastic material emerging from one measuring device enters the subsequent measuring device automatically.
    It is likewise preferred that the device comprises at least one guide system which automatically transports the plastic material exiting from a measuring device to the following measuring device and introduces it into the following measuring device, wherein the guiding system is in particular designed such that breaks are avoided, e.g. by accurate measurement of web tension, tensile groups, Walzenfüh¬ ments or rounded guide elements.
    Both features can also be present together in one device.
    In a preferred embodiment with a functional connection, the device comprises a computing system which is designed to control the transport of the plastic material or its processing and at the same time is adapted to collect and if necessary already process the data from the individual sensor systems of the measuring devices or to perform a preprocessing ¬ren.
    Also in this case, even with a lack of mechanical connection of the measuring devices, it is preferred that the device comprises at least one guiding system which automatically transports the plastic material leaving a measuring device to and introduces into the following measuring device, wherein the guiding system is preferably also controlled by the computing system ,
    Preferably, the computing system comprises a GUI (Graphical User Interface) or a control panel with display elements for easy operation and readout.
    This device has the advantage that one can immediately react to changes in the material properties by attacking the quality data directly in the production process or at least the direct measurement on one and the same plastic material, and thereby a significant increase in cost-effectiveness can be achieved.
    In a preferred embodiment, the measuring modules are arranged "on-line" in a manufacturing device, the device according to the invention is thus integrated in this production device.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the measurement modules are arranged "off-line". The device according to the invention thus represents a separate measuring unit, in particular with a shredder, extruder or unwinder.
    Preferably, the device is designed such that material is diverted before Ver¬ measurement and archived in particular after the measurement or recycled.
    The modular design described above allows the user to choose which measurement modules to use for their measurements. In practice, it will be the case that there is a basic module, which consists of pressure filter test and rheology, which also represents a preferred Ausfüh¬ form. This is necessary because even within the scope of these measurements it is possible to produce a film which is required for the subsequent tests (for example optical film inspection or color measurement).
    Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that the structure can be designed very robust. This is very important, for example, for an off-line device, which can be used for measuring recycled plastics, in particular for recycling recycled plastics from the "end of life cycle" area into production. By connecting the measuring devices, it is possible to define clear quality criteria for these materials.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises wall elements with which the sensor systems and transport systems can be dust-tight and / or fluid-tightly sealed in order to keep contaminants away from the test film.
    Measuring devices for the olfactory measurement of a material are known to those skilled in the art. For a device according to the invention, zoom meters or spectrometers are preferably used. Preferably, analysis takes place in a gas chromatograph.
    In a preferred embodiment, the olfactory sensing measurement module comprises a heating element, e.g. an oven.
    A device for controlling properties of a plastic product (hereinafter also referred to as "control device"), which may be part of the device according to the invention or may also be a separate device, is also preferred.
    The control device comprises an arithmetic unit, an information receiving unit and a control unit, wherein the information receiving unit is designed to obtain information about characteristics of the plastic product via measuring devices or arithmetic units and to make the arithmetic unit available and the control unit is designed to have properties control of the plastic product or to control equipment involved in the production process of the plastic product.
    The arithmetic unit comprises a memory (area) in which the received information is stored so that each measured parameter is assigned a memory area or can at least be identified unambiguously by means of an address.
    In addition, the arithmetic unit comprises a memory (area) in which previously defined quality parameters / functions of the plastic product are stored.
    In the arithmetic unit, at fixed times (for example after receipt of a measured value or a group of measured values), these are compared directly or after calculation of a function or matrix based on the relevant measured values with corresponding quality parameters. If the measured / calculated values deviate from the quality parameters (possibly by a predetermined amount), the control unit is activated by means of the arithmetic unit so that it runs through a previously stored dosing algorithm. In particular, the algorithm is designed to control, in the event of deviations of a measured value or a group of measured values, functions in the production of the plastic product which are relevant for the relevant measured values (for example the temperature or composition of the plastic with respect to the pressure filter test).
    In combination with the present invention, the embodiment described below is particularly preferred. By way of explanation, it may be added that a measured value of a measuring module can already be used below, however, for a better understanding of "measured values" and "measuring modules".
    Measurements of measurement modules of the modular material analysis device according to the invention are provided to the control device. This is preferably done by arranging these measured values into a matrix, with each measured value corresponding to a specific material property corresponding to exactly one matrix position and / or the measured values are assigned there to a fixed position in a tester m. In particular, each of these measured values is assigned to exactly one variable, these variables representing parts of a function or matrix.
    Elements of the matrix or variables of the function are thus assigned measured parameters and, after calculations of functions or matrix properties, can be compared with previously stored parameters.
    The computing system carries out calculations with regard to the matrix or the function or parts thereof, in particular after every data acquisition, and compares the result of this calculation with a previously set value or value range. In the event of deviations from this value or range of values, the production of the plastic product is controlled (for example by means of dosing algorithms) by means of a preset routine until the result of the Mat-rix / function calculations again corresponds to the preset value or is again in the preset value range.
    By means of this control device, e.g. in the event of contamination of the starting material, pure material is purposefully added, a corresponding additive being added on the basis of the measured value for the viscosity, if this deviates, or if a desired color is to be obtained, then a corresponding color pigment is added in case of deviations; or if a non-desired odor is detected, a corresponding flavor is added thereto. In this way, on-line regulation of quality characteristics of the plastic product is possible, which increases overall quality and reduces rejects.
    In the following, some improvements for individual measuring devices or measuring modules are presented which individually can already be inventions for themselves.
    A preferred embodiment relates to measuring devices / measuring modules for Druckfil¬tertest.
    Such devices ("pressure filter test devices") are preferably designed for automatic screen change, in particular by means of filter modules. A measuring method can be improved simply by feeding the extracted filter modules, which may contain important information in the screened material, to further analyzes, such as e.g. an optical assessment, a microscopic examination, IR spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrography or a measurement after an ashing.
    A preferred pressure filter test device comprises filter modules and a sensor system for pressure measurement, wherein the filter modules can be positioned in the flow of the plastic melt and the change system is designed to replace the filter module automatically.
    Suitable sensor systems are known to those skilled in the art and include, in particular, pressure sensors which are arranged so that they can measure a pressure increase of the prior filter during the extrusion of a defined amount of material.
    Preferred filter modules include filter support structures for sieves / filters or for groups of sieves / filters. Preferred filter modules include cartridges in which at least one filter / screen is arranged or the filter modules are formed on bands (e.g., filter or screen belts) and correspond in particular to surfaces on these bands.
    Preferred filter modules include sieves and / or filters or combinations of filters and / or sieves. Furthermore, preferred filter modules are areas of a screen or filter belt. Granules, perforated surfaces or areas of threads or belts are preferably used as filter modules.
    Preferably, the change system is adapted to move a belt containing the filter modules through the melt stream, or it is designed to move cartridges into and out of a melt stream.
    By means of the exchange system, the filter modules are moved into the measuring range and removed therefrom. For this purpose, the device preferably comprises an opening, which is opened and closed again after the introduction of a filter module. The movement of the opening is preferably achieved electrically, mecha¬nisch, hydraulically or by compressed air. In a preferred embodiment, the opening is opened, the support structure of the exchange system is moved (e.g., by means of wedges and spindle drives), the filter module is brought into position, and the opening is closed again.
    Also preferred is a structure with several concentric positions of Fil¬termodulen. Thus filters / sieves and filter / sieve packages of different thickness can be inserted in order.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the filter modules are areas on a belt-shaped screen or filter material.
    Preferred are tapes with sieve / filter structures of the group woven or knitted sieves / filters, glass fiber sieves / filters, lasered, calendered or needled sieves / filters, apertured metal foils, nonwovens (eg staple fiber webs) or combinations of the aforementioned structures next to each other and / or über¬ each other equipped.
    In a preferred embodiment, the change system is configured so that its support structure can receive a coiled, filter module tape in a first position, its movement system configured to unroll the tape and guide portions of the tape (on which filter modules are formed) through a melt stream , In addition, the holding system is preferably designed to pick up the strip guided by the melt stream again and to design the moving system to re-roll the strip, possibly after hardening, the device being equipped in particular with an additional cooling module.
    It is advantageous if the filter module is arranged pressure-tight in its measuring position, so that the melt can not escape laterally.
    Preferably, the filter modules (even if on ribbons) have a denser structure at their edges. Such a structure may e.g. can be achieved by a dense interweaving / entanglement or a targeted shaping of a smaller hole density at the edges. Such filter modules increase the tightness of the device.
    In a preferred embodiment, filter modules are used, which are arranged in particular on tracks. By different types of weaves, e.g. different subtleties, these filter modules are realized as separate modules or as successive and / or adjacent areas on a band surface. It is important here that, for sealing against the polymer melt, the screen webs are each woven more densely longitudinally and transversely at the edge regions of the filter modules than in the center of the filter modules.
    In a preferred embodiment, the sealing is achieved by metal foils, resins, or other high temperature resistant thermoplastic or thermosetting plastics, wherein the respective material is applied or applied to the edge regions of the Fil¬termodule. Preferred seals are also wedge constructions, edges or transverse weaves.
    Preferably (especially on a belt) filter modules are applied so that in the edge region of the filter module on a width of 1 mm to 5 cm, in particular on a width between 5 mm to 2 cm, worked out an edge, wel¬cher to improve the Tightness has a denser filter / screen structure and / or sealant and encloses a screen / filter area designed to take measurements.
    With the pressure filter testing device, it is possible to measure not only with a sieve geometry but successively with several different filter modules which differ in their fineness, screen or screen materials. It is also possible to assemble individual sieve packages or also to measure with filter modules containing filter sands (eg from minerals, plastics and / or metals) and combinations of all sorts of materials.
    With such an embodiment, which provides a change of filter modules, not only the possibility of an automated Materiali¬alprüfung, but also the possibility for the particular application Sie-be / filter to optimize. Conceivably, e.g. Tapes with reinforced Kantenverwe¬bung or over the length of different tissue structures.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a tempering system, which is designed to pre-temper the filter modules in front of the measuring area and / or to cool them after the measurement. Preferably, the filter modules are cooled after ejection and fall orderly in a collection magazine and are optionally individualized. This makes it possible to use the sieves for further analysis of impurities.
    In order to achieve a constant throughput of the molten material, a melt pump and / or a measuring system for flow measurement (eg a Coriolis mass flow rate measurement) is preferably arranged between the extruder / screw conveyor and the filter. When using a measuring system for flow measurement, a correct and constant throughput is preferably achieved by controlling the melt movement (for example the speed of the screw in the extruder).
    A measuring method can be improved by feeding the extracted filter modules, which may contain important information in the filtered-out material, to further analyzes, e.g. optical assessment, microscopic examination, spectroscopic method (e.g., optical or IR) or ashing.
    In a preferred embodiment, the filter modules are arranged so that they follow one another at a complete change through the melt stream with increasing or decreasing values of a certain property. For example, the filter modules are arranged so that the filter module adjacent in one direction is smaller (or larger) mesh / hole widths. In this way, a sequence is created with which the grade of the molten material can be measured during a measurement (for example the degree of purity).
    In a preferred embodiment, the device is designed so that not the entire melt stream is measured, but a part of the melt stream is branched off and measured in the context of a pressure filter test. This part is then preferably returned to the melt stream. In particular, a sample is removed from the area of the screw conveyor. In this way, a well-timed measurement within the Druckfil¬tertests can be done without interrupting a manufacturing process.
    In a related preferred embodiment, the apparatus is configured to automatically label the filter modules.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device is designed so that not the entire melt stream is measured but a portion of the melt stream is diverted and measured in a pressure filter test. This part is then preferably returned to the melt stream. In particular, a sample is removed from the area of the screw conveyor. In this way, a well-timed measurement within the Druckfil¬tertests can be done without interrupting a manufacturing process.
    A preferred embodiment relates to measuring devices / measuring modules for rheology.
    Preferably, in the method for measuring rheology, a laboratory extruder (for example, a LAB) or a side stream of a main extruder feeds continuously, e.g. three capillaries of different geometry.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device is designed so that after sieve of the measuring device for pressure filter test in place of the otherwise conventional round nozzle, a slot capillary is arranged following the sieve area, which already belongs to the measuring device / module for rheology, or represents the bond between the pressure filter test and the rheology measurement.
    In another embodiment, the apparatus is configured to divide the melt stream into at least two parallel streams, wherein at one the pressure filter test and at the other rheology measurements are performed. For this embodiment, prefiltration of the plastic melt is at least prior to rheology measurement of advantage.
    In a preferred embodiment, at least three pressure transducers are included with respect to the rheology measurement in the relevant sensor system.
    The arrangement of the measuring device / measuring module for rheology is preferably designed so that the inlet pressure loss for the evaluation of the elastic properties can be measured by means of a pressure transducer, in particular by means of one of the aforementioned pressure transducers.
    Further preferably, the arrangement of the measuring device / measuring module is designed for rheology so that the pressure difference for calculating the viscosity and shear rate can be measured by means of at least two pressure transducers (in particular the other two of the aforementioned at least three pressure transducers).
    The rheometer preferably comprises a flat capillary.
    Preferably, the slot capillary for measuring the rheology is dimensioned so that a band of at least 5 mm wide, in particular at least 50 mm wide is extruded. The maximum width is dependent on the machine dimension and is for example 5 m. The slot capillary is preferably wedge-shaped, at least in its edge region. Depending on the type of measurement, it can be advantageous if the capillary is straight, wedge-shaped or wedge-shaped only at the edge.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the measuring module includes additional round or slot capillaries adjacent to the slot capillary (which may also act as a nozzle). This is mainly used to extend the measuring range.
    In particular, the slit capillary is adjustable in width and lip distance to allow adaptation to the various materials and viscosity ranges. Preferably, various capillary modules are employed depending on the nature of the measurement and type of material, as well as the desired throughput through the system. Preferred shapes are flat, round or polygonal.
    Preferably, the apparatus is designed to include an extrusion unit (in particular an extrusion unit containing a slot capillary which is preferably adjustable and / or replaceable) and, after exiting the extrusion unit, a smoothing roll is arranged on which the film is cooled and onto which thickness required, the film is slit, or the film is calendered.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a roller structured on its surface, the device being adapted to apply this structure to the surface of the plastic film. Preference is given to structures of the group mattings, roughenings, relief structures, longitudinal webs, ribs, prism or lens structures and markings or characters.
    These structures need not be formed on the entire surface of the roll. It is preferred that only part of the lateral surface of the roll is structured, in particular its edge region.
    Such an embodiment provides the advantages that markers can be automatically applied or the film can be prepared for particular optical measurements.
    In order to ensure a good adhesion of the film to the roll, it is preferred to use edge pinning or vacuum units and / or air knife. In particular, the roller is provided with many common coatings such as hard chrome, chemical nickel, Teflon, TiN, CrN, PVD layers, DLC (diamond like carbon). Often, the use determines the appropriate coating.
    In a preferred embodiment, the rheology measuring module has at least two (in particular at least three) capillaries (eg tubes, channels, nozzles or bores) which have dimensions of between 0.001 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 5 mm and all have different diameters, preferably the same cross-sectional shape. The diameters preferably differ by more than 0.1 mm, in particular by more than 0.4 mm.
    Here, too, a modularity, an adjustability and / or an exchangeability is preferred.
    In particular, if the rheology measuring module is arranged after a measuring module for the pressure filter test, the device preferably comprises a conveying unit, e.g. a melt pump for better promotion of the melt stream.
    A preferred embodiment relates to measuring devices / modules for optically evaluating the film.
    A measuring module for optically evaluating the film preferably comprises a lighting system and an image recording system. The illumination system is designed in such a way that it can emit light onto a plastic film by means of at least one illumination unit and can record images of this plastic film by means of the image recording system.
    The image recording system preferably comprises sensors with cell-shaped or areally arranged photosensitive sensors, in particular CCD sensors and / or CMOS sensors. Commercially available cameras can also be used for such a detector.
    The illumination system comprises at least one illumination unit which is disposed on the same side as an element of the image pickup system (incident light configuration) and / or disposed on the other side of an element of the image pickup system (transmitted light configuration), to be measured. In particular, a combination of incident and transmitted light configuration is preferred.
    In a preferred embodiment, the illumination system comprises at least two illumination units which emit different radiations (for example different colors and / or IR / UV). The radiation is preferably monochromatic and / or polarized.
    At least two illumination units and / or at least two image recording units, which are arranged in respectively different angles to a surface of the product to be measured, are preferred.
    Image recording units are also preferably arranged pivotably and fulfill in particular the function of a scanner.
    In a preferred embodiment, the module for optical measurement is dark field measurements, measurements for differential interference contrast, laser scattering particle sized distribution analysis, optical measurements for stress distributions, polarization measurements, optical excitation of phonons.
    In a preferred embodiment, the measuring module is designed to take several pictures at the same longitudinal position of the film. Preferably, the camera is designed so that it can be moved in the transverse direction to the film, be¬vorzugt but also different shots at different Wel¬lenlängen made of one and the same location of the film.
    In a preferred embodiment, the measuring module additionally comprises a unit (for example a movable roller), which is designed to bring the plastic film into tension or to serve as a web-spreading unit. In its design as a web storage unit, it allows multiple shots of the film at one and the same longitudinal position of the film.
    A preferred embodiment is designed such that an analysis of the deviations is possible despite the offset of the surface to be measured.
    This is done in particular by a corresponding control of the lighting units and / or the image recording units.
    In a preferred embodiment, the modules are offset in the web direction of the film to be measured, wherein the analysis of the same position of the film by accurate displacement measurement or triggering e.g. through the already mentioned above markings.
    Preferably, the measuring device / measuring modules for optically evaluating the film comprises a compact film guide via a lighting unit, wherein at least one camera which is directed onto the film and records an image of a film section (transmitted light method) is arranged above the lighting unit.
    Furthermore, it is preferred that the measuring devices / measuring modules for optically assessing the film comprise a compact film guide under a lighting unit, wherein at least one camera, which is directed onto the film and an image, is arranged on the film side on which the lighting unit is located a film section receives (incident light method).
    Preferably, in the two aforementioned methods, the entire width thereof is recorded or imaged by means of the at least one camera over a preset length range of the film.
    The cameras used are preferably designed to accommodate different spectral regions which do not necessarily comprise only visible light, but in particular also the UV region and the IR region.
    A preferred embodiment relates to measuring devices / measuring modules for mechanical characteristics.
    Preferably, the device is designed such that it comprises a traction unit, to which a plastic film guided through the device can be fed.
    Such a pulling mechanism preferably comprises two pairs of rollers lying one behind the other, wherein the pair of rollers, which is seen relative to the direction of movement of a film, rotates more slowly than the second pair of rollers, so that the film is stretched. The rollers are driven in particular by means of drive units (for example electric motors).
    The train is in particular arranged vertically and provided with a foil guide. This ensures that the film can shrink after being torn off. However, in preferred embodiments, in particular when using guides, sheets or rollers, the tension unit is also arranged horizontally or at any desired angle.
    In particular, rolls are pressed together electrically, mechanically, pneumatically or hydraulically. The line pressure is determined and regulated in particular by Senso¬ren.
    The rollers can be coated with all sorts of materials. Preferred rolls (one or both) are rubberized, rough, one being rubberized and one being rough.
    The sensor system of a measuring device / measuring module for mechanical characteristic values comprises in particular at least one power meter or at least one
    Ammeter measuring the power or current of the drive unit of the fast-moving pair of rollers. The measurement of the power or current consumption of the faster-moving pair of rollers is a measure of the force with which the film is stretched and thus provides information about the mechanics of the film.
    The sensor system of a measuring device / measuring module for mechanical characteristics additionally comprises in particular at least one power meter or at least one current measuring device which measures the power or the current of the drive unit of the slower running roller pair. This facilitates eggching and improves the measuring accuracy.
    In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises strain gauges or measuring rolls.
    In a further embodiment, the mechanical characteristic measurement module comprises two pairs of rollers which are spaced apart from each other and each carry a plastic film therebetween so that this plastic film can not slip in each of the pairs of rollers. In addition, the measuring module also comprises a measuring roller, which is arranged between these two pairs of rollers. The measuring module is preferably designed such that the measuring roller can be pressed against a plastic film guided between the pairs of rollers and the pressing force can be measured in relation to the deflection of this measuring roller. However, the measuring module is also preferably designed such that the measuring roller can be oscillatingly applied to a plastic film guided between the roller pairs.
    The ratio of pressing force to deflection of the measuring roller yields a measured value for mechanical characteristics of the plastic film.
    Preferably, this measuring module is arranged so that the plastic film is perpendicular or horizontal.
    A preferred embodiment relates to measuring devices / measuring modules for color measurement, NIR, FTIR, TGA, terahertz radiation (for example for measuring thickness profiles or laminations), gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, UV-Vis.
    The sensor system is preferably designed in such a way that it can be integrated into the system in a modular manner for a given film guide and / or holding devices.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device is additionally designed to automatically mark the measured plastic film, in particular by means of characters, barcodes, RFID elements, engravings, or other patterns. The device preferably comprises printers, marking elements, elements for applying adhesive materials, Punching, or other surface modification elements.
    In particular, the device is designed such that markings can be scanned on the plastic film via a scanning element and a processing unit equipped with an operating software (which are contained in particular in the device). In this way it is possible to record measurement results or quality markings directly on the plastic film or to mark measuring ranges.
    In a preferred embodiment, the device is designed such that for measurement in any measurement module not the entire melt stream or the entire plastic product is measured but a part of the melt stream / plastic product is branched off. In this case, the removal unit in question is designed so that the measured mass flow or the measured plastic product correlates temporally directly with the main flow, in particular by small diameters in the withdrawal stream, which are possibly widened or separate edge regions of the plastic product.
    In a preferred embodiment, an edge strip analysis of the plastic product is carried out, or the device is designed at least for carrying out a marginal strip analysis.
    This part is then preferably returned to the melt stream or to an exploitation. In this way, a well-timed measurement, which is correlated with the melt flow / plastic product, in particular without interrupting a manufacturing process.
    To protect the device, it may contain at least one pre-filter, in particular at its inlet or the inlet of individual measuring modules.
    For calibration of measurement modules, the system contains reference materials (e.g., granules, reference samples of the plastic material or plastic film, color samples or IR reference samples). The device may also have its own reference extruder for this purpose.
    According to a preferred embodiment, at least one melt buffer is arranged between the extruder head or conveying screw and a measuring module or a melt pump or between two measuring modules. This melt buffer collects incoming melt and presses the melt out as needed via an outlet. In this way, a continuous measurement even in a discontinuous operation of a plant is possible.
    Examples of preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown in the figures.
    Figure 1 shows schematically a preferred embodiment;
    Figure 2 shows schematically a further preferred embodiment;
    FIG. 3 schematically shows a further preferred embodiment.
    FIG. 4 schematically shows a further preferred embodiment.
    FIG. 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment in which four measuring modules 1 connected fixedly to one another are attached to a screw conveyor 2. In this example, the screw conveyor 2 does not comprise an outlet nozzle, merely protrudes a liquid plastic material after passing through the screw from the screw conveyor, passes automatically into the first of the measuring modules 1 and passes through the row of measuring modules 1 while the plastic material is measured and possibly processed.
    The screw conveyor may also be part of the device.
    If the four measuring modules 1 are labeled from left to right with the letters A to D, for example measuring module A could be a measuring device for the olfactory measurement of the plastic melt, measuring module B a measuring device for the pressure filter test, measuring module C a measuring device for the rheology of the plastic an extrusion nozzle would comprise, and measuring module D be a measuring device for optical measurement of the resulting plastic film, where the measuring module D aufwei¬sen in this case rollers for smoothing the plastic film (but these could also be included in measuring module C).
    A similar device is shown in FIG. Flier shows a complete extruder equipped with measuring modules. The plastic material emerging from the screw conveyor 2 is pressed through an opening 3, in which a pressure filter test is carried out, which is measured by pressure measuring module 4. Subsequently, a plastic film is extruded by means of the nozzle 5, at the same time a rheology measurement with the rheology measurement module 6 takes place. Lastly, the plastic film is smoothed by means of casting rolls and visually measured with an optical measuring module 7, these casting rolls in this example being part of the optical measuring device. Instead of the optical measuring module 7, an olfactory measuring module for olfactory measurement can also be present.
    A device according to the invention can contain all the elements of FIG. 2, but it is also possible to use a commercial extruder and design a device according to the invention according to FIG. 3, in which the pressure measuring module 4, the rheology measuring module 6 and the optical measuring module 7 are fixed together and this composite is shaped so that it can be mounted on standard extruders (plus a screen for the pressure filter test if necessary).
    FIG. 4 shows a further preferred embodiment in a detailed but still sketchy illustration.
    A melt stream is introduced into a pressure measuring module 4 (black arrow left above) and a pressure filter test is performed. This is followed by a test for rheology in a rheology measuring module 6, during which the melt is extruded into a film (black strand) which, if necessary, is deflected by rollers and passes through the further measuring stations.
    After a smoothing / cooling by means of the subsequent roller (large radius), the film is deflected by means of three rollers and it takes place in an optical measuring module 7 supported by 2 other rollers an optical measurement. On this occasion, the film is in turn deflected by means of two rollers, and a measurement of mechanical properties of the film with a mechanical measuring module 8 takes place between two pairs of rollers. Finally, after a deflection over two rollers, the odor of the film is checked by means of an olfactory measuring module 9. In addition, the film is deflected again over two rollers and is optionally available for further processing or further measurements.
    All these measuring modules are mechanically and / or functionally connected.
    The embodiments show possible embodiments of the invention, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but much more diverse combinations of the individual embodiments are inter alia possible and this possibility of variation due to the teaching of technical action by subject invention in the skill of the person working in this technical field.
    Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different embodiments shown and described can also represent solutions that are inventive, inventive or inventive.
    The problem underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description. All information on ranges of values in objective description should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof.
    Above all, the individual embodiments shown in the figures can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the construction, some components of the figures may have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. Device for modular material analysis for plastics comprising at least two different measuring devices of the group measuring devices for opti¬schen measurement of the melt, measuring devices for pressure filter test, rheology measuring devices, optical film inspection devices, mechanical measuring devices of plastic films, measuring devices for color measurement, measuring devices for olfactory Measurement of the melt or the film and measuring devices for NIR, FTIR, TGA, terahertz radiation, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, wherein the respective measuring devices are mechanically and / or functionally connected to one another.
    [2]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring devices, at least their sensor systems, are formed in the device as modules (measuring modules 1), which are in particular designed so that they can be interchanged in their position as well as can be replaced by other measuring modules (1), whereby preferably a measuring module (1) of the device is a measuring module (1) for the pressure filter test and a measuring module (1) following in the direction of movement of the plastic is a measuring module (1) for measuring the rheology.
    [3]
    3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection of the measuring modules (1) represents a fixed mechanical connection of the measuring modules (1) with each other and / or the readout and control of the measuring modules (1), together with the data taking means of a central System is done.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the device comprises a holding structure, are fixedly connected to each other or by means of all the measuring devices, said holding structure in particular comprises at least one carrier system to which all measuring instruments are firmly attached or the holding structure comprises the housings of the measuring devices or their holders, which are formed such that in each case two housings can be firmly connected to one another by means of a carrier system.
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring modules (1) are arranged so that the plastic material is automatically fed from a measuring device to the respective following measuring device, wherein the outlet for the plastic material of a measuring device always in the Inlet for the plastic material of the following meter opens, and / or that the device comprises at least one guide system, which automatically transports the exiting from a meter plastic material to the following meter and inserted into this.
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the device comprises a computing system which is designed to control the transport of the plastic material or its processing and at the same time is adapted to the data from the individual sensor systems of the measuring devices collect and in particular already to process or perform a preprocessing.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the measuring modules (1) "on-line" are arranged in a manufacturing device or that the measuring modules (1) are arranged "off-line".
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the device comprises a measuring module for pressure filter test, which is designed for automatic screen change, in particular sieve cartridges and / or a screen belt, wherein screen structures of the group weaved or knitted sieves, Fiberglass screens, lasered or needled metal foils, and combinations of the aforementioned structures adjacent to one another and / or over each other are preferred.
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is designed so that after the sieve of the measuring module (1) for pressure filter test instead of the otherwise conventional round nozzle in the connection to the sieve region a slot capillary is arranged, which already belonging to the measuring module (1) for rheology, and in particular the connection between the pressure measurement test module and the rheology measuring module (1), or in that the device is designed such that the melt stream is split into at least two parallel streams and at the one pressure filter test and at the other, rheology measurements are made.
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring module (1) for rheology comprises at least three pressure transducer, wherein the measuring module for rheology is in particular designed so that by means of a pressure transducer of the inlet pressure loss measured for the assessment of the elastic properties can be, and that by means of at least two pressure transducer, the pressure difference for calculating the viscosity and shear rate can be measured.
    [11]
    11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring module (1) has a lighting unit and a Kame¬ra which is directed towards a film to be measured, the lighting unit and camera are designed so that it is a film can measure by light method or incident light method.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor system of a measuring module (1) for mechanical characteristics comprises at least one power meter or at least one ammeter, which measures the power or the current of a drive unit of a roller of a pair of rollers.
    [13]
    13. Method for modular material analysis for plastics with a device according to one of the preceding claims comprising the steps: a) introducing a plastic material into a first measuring device, b) measuring properties of the plastic material by means of the first measuring device, c) guiding the d) measurement of properties of the plastic material by means of the further measuring device, e) repeating steps c) and d) until all measuring devices have passed through.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2016037205A1|2016-03-17|
    AT516206B1|2018-05-15|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50623/2014A|AT516206B1|2014-09-10|2014-09-10|Apparatus and method for modular material analysis for plastics|ATA50623/2014A| AT516206B1|2014-09-10|2014-09-10|Apparatus and method for modular material analysis for plastics|
    PCT/AT2015/050218| WO2016037205A1|2014-09-10|2015-09-09|Device and method for modular material analysis for plastics|
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